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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-1357</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-1357</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"> https://doi.org/10.48313/mtei.v2i1.37</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Pointwise stationary fluid approximation, The nonstationary E-k/M/1 queue, k sets of phases</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ismail’s contemporary pointwise stationary fluid approximation theory: Discovering the unknown transitions between stability, traffic intensity, and chaos of the nonstationary  queueing system</article-title><subtitle>Ismail’s contemporary pointwise stationary fluid approximation theory: Discovering the unknown transitions between stability, traffic intensity, and chaos of the nonstationary  queueing system</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>A Mageed</surname>
		<given-names>Ismail</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>PhD, AIMMA, IEEE, IAENG, School of Computer Science, AI, and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, United Kingdom.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Nazir</surname>
		<given-names>Abdul Raheem</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Computing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Ismail’s contemporary pointwise stationary fluid approximation theory: Discovering the unknown transitions between stability, traffic intensity, and chaos of the nonstationary  queueing system</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			This research investigates the unexplored domain of negative  parameters within dynamic systems, focusing on their influence across stability, traffic intensity, and chaotic phases. Using an iterative computational framework, we examine the sigma function (σ) to characterize system responses under varying conditions of  and Visualizations and insights demonstrate transitions between phases for a first-ever exploration of negative values of the number of phases (k), with novel findings that extend foundational studies. This work establishes a baseline for further explorations of negative parameter spaces in complex systems. It is worth noting that the current work makes new contributions to Ismail’s contemporary Pointwise Stationary Fluid Approximation (PSFFA) theory by providing a comprehensive computational framework for exploring dynamic system behavior across varying parameter values.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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